4 Relative and Absolute Errors 5 Propagation of Errors, Basic Rules Suppose two measured quantities x and y have uncertainties, Dx and Dy, determined by procedures described in previous sections we would report (x ± Dx), and (y ± Dy)From the measured quantities a new quantity, z, is calculated from x and yT h e 50 u n it e d s tat e s , t h e d is t r ic t of c olu mb ia a n d w or ld w id e , e x c e p t f or ita ly, b r a z il, qu e b e c , r u s s ia , u k r a in e , k a z a k h s ta n , b e la r u s , c r ime a , c u b a , ir a n , s y r ia , n ort h k or e a , and s u d a n e n t ry in t h is c on t e s t c on s t it u t e s y ou r a c cMean of Y (% pay increase) in the population of units coded 0 on X (ie, females) 1) That is, β0 is µ 0 where µ 0 is the mean of the dependent variable for the group coded 0 2) Remember the expected value of a random variable is its mean or E(Y i) = µ ii β1 is the "effect," so to speak, of "moving" or changing from Data Tables A
